step three.dos Relationship means

Column (1) records the statistics toward complete take to, and you can line (2) account them on subsample, i.e., wives who possess one or more cousin and something sibling. The newest sumple was stated due to the fact the essential shorter-form quote with a couple of matrimony expenses paid back to the wife’s siblings and you can brothers from the its particular for the-rules is only able to end up being presented into subsample. An average age husbands are 40.6 age. Husbands, normally, completed top knowledge (five years), and 56% ones try literate. The common ages of wives try thirty five.8 many years. Spouses, normally, didn’t complete primee homes take into account twenty seven% regarding complete home interviewed. The common measurements of farming residential property for each and every household try step three.24 miles, that have nearly forty% of property being landless. Footnote 11 To own 39% of your spouses, their delivery town is equivalent to regarding their husbands, 66% of these is actually married in order to a cousin, and you will 17% try married into the watta satta (bride replace, otherwise actually, “give–take”). Footnote 12 A few of these are unique popular features of marriage into the Punjab, Pakistan. Having said that, new northwestern section of Asia, together with Indian Punjab, has been generally known for hypergamy, where spouses is y contrasts which have endogamy and you can cousin y as the one or two household arranging watta satta cannot theoretically observe hypergamy at exact same date, and are most likely to-be on exact same personal group and economic status. Wife’s natal family members’ house earnings during the time of matrimony was PKR 171,695 Footnote thirteen normally. It actually was answered retrospectively because of the wife in fact it is, therefore, probably subject to keep in mind errors the same as the ones that are on the amount of private dowry or any other relationship expenses, though income is generally easier for respondents to recall compared to your own dowry comprising some affairs. I then followed equivalent perform to attenuate questionnaire recall errors.

Table 1 Bottom line statistics

The initial an element of the questionnaire requires husbands about their ount. Due to the fact dowry is well known so you can feature individuals products that enable an early on few to start the marriage immediately following matrimony, we inquired about the worth of for every single goods into the dowry. The actual question is “Generally, in your community, to own a household eg a, what’s the approximate value of each product considering while the dowry in the course of the brand new daughter’s marriage?” We clearly asked about dowry due to the fact present in its society, or jati (= sub-caste), since the we’re seeking the technique of dowry itself as the really once the individual level of dowry their moms and dads paid off. Their means to fix the question on the dowry in the neighborhood try going to communicate exact details about dowry methods. Their react you’ll report exactly how much they would pay money for for every single goods if they are already undergoing bringing a beneficial dowry to their daughter. Either way, the answer can promote far more real measures for the itemized worth of dowry. Allegedly, remembering every goods of the individual dowries from decade in the past might possibly be difficult. The next part of the questionnaire asks wives regarding their private dowries and other wedding costs, we.e., “How much cash dowry (bride speed) performed your mother and father (in-laws) render in the course of their ounts are used about main empirical analysis. The latest correlation coefficient within private dowry matter and people-oriented dowry matter try 0.65 (Fig. 3). The community-based dowry amount exceeds the private dowry count paid off by the wives’ moms and dads, that’s not shocking given the alleged increasing development on the actual amount of dowry.